diff --git a/protocols/net-tapesoftware-dwl-wm-unstable-v1.xml b/protocols/net-tapesoftware-dwl-wm-unstable-v1.xml
index 967a729..7c957bc 100644
--- a/protocols/net-tapesoftware-dwl-wm-unstable-v1.xml
+++ b/protocols/net-tapesoftware-dwl-wm-unstable-v1.xml
@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@
             <arg name="tag" type="int"/>
             <arg name="active" type="int"/>
             <arg name="num_clients" type="int"/>
+            <arg name="urgent" type="int"/>
+        </event>
+
+        <event name="frame">
+            <description summary="sent after all other events have been sent. allows for atomic updates.">
+            </description>
         </event>
     </interface>
 </protocol>
diff --git a/src/bar.cpp b/src/bar.cpp
index 8294522..c61154e 100644
--- a/src/bar.cpp
+++ b/src/bar.cpp
@@ -27,25 +27,25 @@ static QFont getFont()
     font.setBold(fontBold);
     return font;
 }
+static QFont font = getFont();
+static QFontMetrics fontMetrics = QFontMetrics {font};
 
 Bar::Bar(const wl_output *output)
-    : _font {getFont()}
-    , _fontMetrics {_font}
 {
-    _surface = wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor);
-    _layerSurface = zwlr_layer_shell_v1_get_layer_surface(wlrLayerShell,
-        _surface, nullptr, ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM, "net.tapesoftware.Somebar");
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_add_listener(_layerSurface, &_layerSurfaceListener, this);
+    _surface.reset(wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor));
+    _layerSurface.reset(zwlr_layer_shell_v1_get_layer_surface(wlrLayerShell,
+        _surface.get(), nullptr, ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM, "net.tapesoftware.Somebar"));
+    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_add_listener(_layerSurface.get(), &_layerSurfaceListener, this);
     auto anchor = topbar ? ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP : ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM;
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_anchor(_layerSurface,
+    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_anchor(_layerSurface.get(),
         anchor | ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT | ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT);
 
-    auto barSize = _fontMetrics.ascent() + _fontMetrics.descent() + paddingY * 2;
-    _textY = _fontMetrics.ascent() + paddingY;
+    auto barSize = fontMetrics.ascent() + fontMetrics.descent() + paddingY * 2;
+    _textY = fontMetrics.ascent() + paddingY;
 
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_size(_layerSurface, 0, barSize);
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_exclusive_zone(_layerSurface, barSize);
-    wl_surface_commit(_surface);
+    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_size(_layerSurface.get(), 0, barSize);
+    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_exclusive_zone(_layerSurface.get(), barSize);
+    wl_surface_commit(_surface.get());
 
     for (auto tag : tagNames) {
         _tags.push_back({ tag, false });
@@ -54,11 +54,7 @@ Bar::Bar(const wl_output *output)
     _status = "Status";
 }
 
-Bar::~Bar()
-{
-    wl_surface_destroy(_surface);
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_destroy(_layerSurface);
-}
+const wl_surface* Bar::surface() const { return _surface.get(); }
 
 void Bar::click(int x, int)
 {
@@ -75,9 +71,9 @@ void Bar::invalidate()
 {
     if (_invalid) return;
     _invalid = true;
-    auto frame = wl_surface_frame(_surface);
+    auto frame = wl_surface_frame(_surface.get());
     wl_callback_add_listener(frame, &_frameListener, this);
-    wl_surface_commit(_surface);
+    wl_surface_commit(_surface.get());
 }
 
 void Bar::setStatus(const QString &status)
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ void Bar::setStatus(const QString &status)
 
 void Bar::layerSurfaceConfigure(uint32_t serial, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
 {
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_ack_configure(_layerSurface, serial);
+    zwlr_layer_surface_v1_ack_configure(_layerSurface.get(), serial);
     _bufs.emplace(width, height, WL_SHM_FORMAT_XRGB8888);
     render();
 }
@@ -105,7 +101,7 @@ void Bar::render()
     auto painter = QPainter {&img};
     _painter = &painter;
     _x = 0;
-    painter.setFont(_font);
+    painter.setFont(font);
 
     setColorScheme(colorActive);
     painter.fillRect(0, 0, img.width(), img.height(), painter.brush());
@@ -115,9 +111,9 @@ void Bar::render()
     renderStatus();
     
     _painter = nullptr;
-    wl_surface_attach(_surface, _bufs->buffer(), 0, 0);
-    wl_surface_damage(_surface, 0, 0, INT_MAX, INT_MAX);
-    wl_surface_commit(_surface);
+    wl_surface_attach(_surface.get(), _bufs->buffer(), 0, 0);
+    wl_surface_damage(_surface.get(), 0, 0, INT_MAX, INT_MAX);
+    wl_surface_commit(_surface.get());
     _bufs->flip();
     _invalid = false;
 }
@@ -156,5 +152,5 @@ void Bar::renderStatus()
 
 int Bar::textWidth(const QString &text)
 {
-    return _fontMetrics.size(Qt::TextSingleLine, text).width();
+    return fontMetrics.size(Qt::TextSingleLine, text).width();
 }
diff --git a/src/bar.hpp b/src/bar.hpp
index f60588c..f904e2f 100644
--- a/src/bar.hpp
+++ b/src/bar.hpp
@@ -22,11 +22,9 @@ class Bar {
     static const zwlr_layer_surface_v1_listener _layerSurfaceListener;
     static const wl_callback_listener _frameListener;
 
-    wl_surface *_surface {nullptr};
-    zwlr_layer_surface_v1 *_layerSurface {nullptr};
+    wl_unique_ptr<wl_surface> _surface;
+    wl_unique_ptr<zwlr_layer_surface_v1> _layerSurface;
     QPainter *_painter {nullptr};
-    QFont _font;
-    QFontMetrics _fontMetrics;
     std::optional<ShmBuffer> _bufs;
     int _textY, _x;
     bool _invalid {false};
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ class Bar {
     void invalidate();
 public:
     explicit Bar(const wl_output *output);
+    const wl_surface* surface() const;
     void setStatus(const QString &status);
     void click(int x, int y);
-    ~Bar();
 };
diff --git a/src/common.hpp b/src/common.hpp
index b5bf993..a45bd5f 100644
--- a/src/common.hpp
+++ b/src/common.hpp
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <wayland-client.h>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <QColor>
 #include <QString>
 #include "wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-client-protocol.h"
+#include "net-tapesoftware-dwl-wm-unstable-v1-client-protocol.h"
 
 extern wl_display *display;
 extern wl_compositor *compositor;
@@ -17,3 +19,17 @@ extern std::vector<QString> tagNames;
 struct ColorScheme {
     QColor fg, bg;
 };
+
+// wayland smart pointers
+template<typename T>
+struct wl_deleter;
+#define WL_DELETER(type, fn) template<> struct wl_deleter<type> { void operator()(type *v) { if(v) fn(v); } }
+
+template<typename T>
+using wl_unique_ptr = std::unique_ptr<T, wl_deleter<T>>;
+
+WL_DELETER(wl_surface, wl_surface_destroy);
+WL_DELETER(zwlr_layer_surface_v1, zwlr_layer_surface_v1_destroy);
+WL_DELETER(wl_buffer, wl_buffer_destroy);
+WL_DELETER(wl_output, wl_output_release);
+WL_DELETER(znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1, znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1_release);
diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 30572ad..e2db4af 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 struct Monitor {
     uint32_t name;
-    wl_output *wlOutput;
-    znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1 *dwlMonitor;
+    wl_unique_ptr<wl_output> wlOutput;
+    wl_unique_ptr<znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1> dwlMonitor;
     std::optional<Bar> bar;
 };
 
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ wl_shm *shm;
 zwlr_layer_shell_v1 *wlrLayerShell;
 znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1 *dwlWm;
 std::vector<QString> tagNames;
+static bool ready;
 static std::vector<Monitor> monitors;
-static std::optional<Bar> bar;
 static std::string statusFifoName;
 static int statusFifoFd {-1};
 static int statusFifoWriter {-1};
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ static const struct xdg_wm_base_listener xdgWmBaseListener = {
     }
 };
 
-struct PointerState {
+struct SeatState {
     wl_pointer *pointer;
     wl_surface *cursorSurface;
     wl_cursor_image *cursorImage;
@@ -65,33 +65,40 @@ struct PointerState {
     int x, y;
     bool leftButtonClick;
 };
-static PointerState pointerState;
+static SeatState seatState;
+static Bar* barFromSurface(const wl_surface *surface)
+{
+    auto fbar = std::find_if(begin(monitors), end(monitors), [surface](const Monitor &mon) {
+        return mon.bar && mon.bar->surface() == surface;
+    });
+    return fbar != end(monitors) && fbar->bar ? &*fbar->bar : nullptr;
+}
 static const struct wl_pointer_listener pointerListener = {
     .enter = [](void*, wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial,
-                wl_surface*, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y)
+                wl_surface *surface, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y)
     {
-        pointerState.focusedBar = &bar.value();
-        wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial, pointerState.cursorSurface,
-            pointerState.cursorImage->hotspot_x, pointerState.cursorImage->hotspot_y);
+        seatState.focusedBar = barFromSurface(surface);
+        wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial, seatState.cursorSurface,
+            seatState.cursorImage->hotspot_x, seatState.cursorImage->hotspot_y);
     },
     .leave = [](void*, wl_pointer*, uint32_t serial, wl_surface*) {
-        pointerState.focusedBar = nullptr;
+        seatState.focusedBar = nullptr;
     },
     .motion = [](void*, wl_pointer*, uint32_t, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y) {
-        pointerState.x = wl_fixed_to_int(x);
-        pointerState.y = wl_fixed_to_int(y);
+        seatState.x = wl_fixed_to_int(x);
+        seatState.y = wl_fixed_to_int(y);
     },
     .button = [](void*, wl_pointer*, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t button, uint32_t pressed) {
         if (button == BTN_LEFT) {
-            pointerState.leftButtonClick = pressed == WL_POINTER_BUTTON_STATE_PRESSED;
+            seatState.leftButtonClick = pressed == WL_POINTER_BUTTON_STATE_PRESSED;
         }
     },
     .axis = [](void*, wl_pointer*, uint32_t, uint32_t, wl_fixed_t) { },
     .frame = [](void*, wl_pointer*) {
-        if (!pointerState.focusedBar) return;
-        if (pointerState.leftButtonClick) {
-            pointerState.leftButtonClick = false;
-            pointerState.focusedBar->click(pointerState.x, pointerState.y);
+        if (!seatState.focusedBar) return;
+        if (seatState.leftButtonClick) {
+            seatState.leftButtonClick = false;
+            seatState.focusedBar->click(seatState.x, seatState.y);
         }
     },
     .axis_source = [](void*, wl_pointer*, uint32_t) { },
@@ -103,16 +110,16 @@ static wl_seat *seat;
 static const struct wl_seat_listener seatListener = {
     [](void*, wl_seat*, uint32_t cap)
     {
-        if (!pointerState.pointer && WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) {
+        if (!seatState.pointer && WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) {
             auto cursorTheme = wl_cursor_theme_load(NULL, 24, shm);
             auto cursorImage = wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor(cursorTheme, "left_ptr")->images[0];
-            pointerState.cursorImage = cursorImage;
-            pointerState.cursorSurface = wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor);
-            wl_surface_attach(pointerState.cursorSurface,
+            seatState.cursorImage = cursorImage;
+            seatState.cursorSurface = wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor);
+            wl_surface_attach(seatState.cursorSurface,
                 wl_cursor_image_get_buffer(cursorImage), 0, 0);
-            wl_surface_commit(pointerState.cursorSurface);
-            pointerState.pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(seat);
-            wl_pointer_add_listener(pointerState.pointer, &pointerListener, nullptr);
+            wl_surface_commit(seatState.cursorSurface);
+            seatState.pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(seat);
+            wl_pointer_add_listener(seatState.pointer, &pointerListener, nullptr);
         }
     },
     [](void*, wl_seat*, const char *name) { }
@@ -125,21 +132,26 @@ static const struct znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_listener dwlWmListener = {
 };
 
 static const struct znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1_listener dwlWmMonitorListener {
-    .tag = [](void*, znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1*, int tag, int active, int numClients) {
-        printf("tag %s: active=%d, num_clients=%d\n", qPrintable(tagNames[tag]), active, numClients);
+    .tag = [](void*, znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1*, int tag, int active, int numClients, int urgent) {
+        printf("tag %s: active=%d, num_clients=%d, urgent=%d\n", qPrintable(tagNames[tag]), active, numClients, urgent);
+    },
+    .frame = [](void *mv, znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1*) {
+        auto mon = static_cast<Monitor*>(mv);
+        if (!mon->bar) {
+            mon->bar.emplace(mon->wlOutput.get());
+        }
     }
 };
 
-static void setupOutput(Monitor &monitor) {
-    monitor.dwlMonitor = znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_get_monitor(dwlWm, monitor.wlOutput);
-    znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1_add_listener(monitor.dwlMonitor, &dwlWmMonitorListener, &monitor);
-    monitor.bar.emplace(monitor.wlOutput);
+static void setupMonitor(Monitor &monitor) {
+    monitor.dwlMonitor.reset(znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_get_monitor(dwlWm, monitor.wlOutput.get()));
+    znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_monitor_v1_add_listener(monitor.dwlMonitor.get(), &dwlWmMonitorListener, &monitor);
 }
 
-static void onOutput(int name, wl_output *output) {
-    auto& monitor = monitors.emplace_back(name, output);
-    if (dwlWm) {
-        setupOutput(monitor);
+static void onOutput(uint32_t name, wl_output *output) {
+    auto& m = monitors.emplace_back(Monitor {name, wl_unique_ptr<wl_output> {output}});
+    if (ready) {
+        setupMonitor(m);
     }
 }
 
@@ -153,10 +165,9 @@ static void onReady()
     requireGlobal(dwlWm, "znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1");
     setupStatusFifo();
     wl_display_roundtrip(display); // roundtrip so we receive all dwl tags etc.
+    ready = true;
     for (auto& monitor : monitors) {
-        auto monitor = znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_get_monitor(dwlWm, output);
-        printf("created monitor %p for output %p\n", monitor, output);
-        bar.emplace(output);
+        setupMonitor(monitor);
     }
 }
 
@@ -198,8 +209,10 @@ static void onStatus()
     char buffer[512];
     auto n = read(statusFifoFd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
     auto str = QString::fromUtf8(buffer, n);
-    if (bar) {
-        bar->setStatus(str);
+    for (auto &monitor : monitors) {
+        if (monitor.bar) {
+            monitor.bar->setStatus(str);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -230,13 +243,23 @@ static void registryHandleGlobal(void*, wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name, co
         wl_seat_add_listener(seat, &seatListener, nullptr);
     }
     if (wl_output *output; reg.handle(output, wl_output_interface, 1)) {
-        outputs.push_back(output);
+        onOutput(name, output);
     }
     if (reg.handle(dwlWm, znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_interface, 1)) {
         znet_tapesoftware_dwl_wm_v1_add_listener(dwlWm, &dwlWmListener, nullptr);
     }
 }
-static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = { registryHandleGlobal, nullptr };
+static void registryHandleRemove(void*, wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name)
+{
+    auto it = std::find_if(begin(monitors), end(monitors), [name](const Monitor &m) { return m.name == name; });
+    if (it != end(monitors)) {
+        monitors.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = {
+    .global = registryHandleGlobal,
+    .global_remove = registryHandleRemove,
+};
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -273,7 +296,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     QSocketNotifier displayReadNotifier(wl_display_get_fd(display), QSocketNotifier::Read);
     displayReadNotifier.setEnabled(true);
-    QObject::connect(&displayReadNotifier, &QSocketNotifier::activated, [=]() { wl_display_dispatch(display); });
+    QObject::connect(&displayReadNotifier, &QSocketNotifier::activated, [=]() {
+        auto res = wl_display_dispatch(display);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            perror("wl_display_dispatch");
+            cleanup();
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    });
     displayWriteNotifier = new QSocketNotifier(wl_display_get_fd(display), QSocketNotifier::Write);
     displayWriteNotifier->setEnabled(false);
     QObject::connect(displayWriteNotifier, &QSocketNotifier::activated, waylandWriteReady);
diff --git a/src/shm_buffer.cpp b/src/shm_buffer.cpp
index 5c7c7ee..fc16265 100644
--- a/src/shm_buffer.cpp
+++ b/src/shm_buffer.cpp
@@ -22,20 +22,21 @@ ShmBuffer::ShmBuffer(int w, int h, wl_shm_format format)
     close(fd);
     for (auto i=0; i<n; i++) {
         auto offset = oneSize*i;
-        auto buffer = wl_shm_pool_create_buffer(pool, offset, width, height, stride, format);
-        _buffers[i] = { ptr+offset, buffer };
+        _buffers[i] = {
+            ptr+offset,
+            wl_unique_ptr<wl_buffer> { wl_shm_pool_create_buffer(pool, offset, width, height, stride, format) },
+        };
     }
     wl_shm_pool_destroy(pool);
 }
 
 ShmBuffer::~ShmBuffer()
 {
-    munmap(_buffers[0].data, _totalSize);
-    for (auto i=0; i<n; i++) {
-        wl_buffer_destroy(_buffers[i].buffer);
+    if (_buffers[0].data) {
+        munmap(_buffers[0].data, _totalSize);
     }
 }
 
 uint8_t* ShmBuffer::data() const { return _buffers[_current].data; }
-wl_buffer* ShmBuffer::buffer() const { return _buffers[_current].buffer; }
+wl_buffer* ShmBuffer::buffer() const { return _buffers[_current].buffer.get(); }
 void ShmBuffer::flip() { _current = 1-_current; }
diff --git a/src/shm_buffer.hpp b/src/shm_buffer.hpp
index c2c09da..493057b 100644
--- a/src/shm_buffer.hpp
+++ b/src/shm_buffer.hpp
@@ -4,22 +4,29 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <array>
 #include <wayland-client.h>
+#include "common.hpp"
 
 // double buffered shm
 // format is must be 32-bit
 class ShmBuffer {
     struct Buf {
         uint8_t *data {nullptr};
-        wl_buffer *buffer {nullptr};
+        wl_unique_ptr<wl_buffer> buffer;
     };
     std::array<Buf, 2> _buffers;
     int _current {0};
     size_t _totalSize {0};
 public:
     int width, height, stride;
+
     explicit ShmBuffer(int width, int height, wl_shm_format format);
+    ShmBuffer(const ShmBuffer&) = delete;
+    ShmBuffer(ShmBuffer&&) = default;
+    ShmBuffer& operator=(const ShmBuffer&) = delete;
+    ShmBuffer& operator=(ShmBuffer&&) = default;
+    ~ShmBuffer();
+
     uint8_t* data() const;
     wl_buffer* buffer() const;
     void flip();
-    ~ShmBuffer();
 };